Thursday, November 13, 2014

Malta, London and Rennes


Malta
Malta consists of two large islands, Malta, Gozo and five much smaller islands. My earliest connection with the country was the large number of Maltese children who were in my class at primary school in Merrylands. Their parents had migrated to Australia after WWII and about 30% of the class had names like Borg, Mifsud, Micallef, Azzopardi, Sultana and so on. I have been curious to learn more about the country and had assumed that it was effectively some sort of mini Italy.

Part of the wall around Valetta
 
However, it is actually influenced by several regions- Tunisia/North Africa in the south west; Turkey in the east, and Italy/Sicily in the north. Due to its strategic location it has been settled over the centuries by the Phoenicians, Romans, Moors, Normans, Sicilians, Hapsburgs, Spain, French and the British. It had been a British Colony for several centuries. The language is a product of this mixed heritage and street signs in Maltese are difficult to comprehend and written language is unintelligible although there are some English language newspapers.
 

Sunset on the west coast
 
When I tried to enter St Paul’s Bay in the GPS it did not register and I spent a few frustrating minutes before realising it would be San Paulo!
The Queen lived in Malta for a year or two in the late 1940’s as her husband, Phillip, was a naval officer and there was a large British naval base at Valetta. This was before her coronation in 1952.
The population is about 500,000 and there have been periods in the late 1940’s and 1960’s when there were significant exoduses as the size of the country limits opportunities. As a member of the EU, the locals have freedom to work elsewhere and many British appear to either live here or have holiday lodgings.
Ancient Foundations
 

4000 year old temple ruins
Malta has been an important trading and strategic military post for millennia. There was a stone-age civilisation resident 5000 years ago and archaeological digs abound. In 1900 while constructing some homes, workers accidentally dug into a large vaulted underground structure.
It is known as the Hypogeum and it is thought that these chambers were for burial rites. They are remarkable in that they look like quite elegant temples with columns and beams-but they have actually been etched out of the soft limestone rock. They would not have had iron or brass and would have used stone and antlers for the task. That particular civilisation died out and there is no record of what happened to them – or why.
At various vantage points there are ruins of forts, lookouts and gun batteries. Valetta itself is heavily fortified by a massive wall and a wide moat system. The Crusades against the Turks used Malta as a staging post in the 1200’s.
The Church is very well established and while only a relatively small landmass, large churches/basilicas are dotted around the countryside. The farmland is terraced and most holdings appear small with stone fences.
Typical street scene dominated by a church
Malta was a key strategic base in WWII and suffered an incredible amount of bombing during the war as the Germans were worried that it might have been used as the springboard for an allied invasion later in the War. I noticed quite impressive memorials and acknowledgements from the Allied leaders attesting to the bravery of the Maltese.
One afternoon I was at a waterside rural area and noticed families collecting what I thought must have been berries. However, on closer examination I discovered they were collecting snails which are cooked in a traditional fashion and are regarded as a delicacy.
Bayside scene Valetta
 
People you Meet
My children have observed that it would be unfortunate to be assigned a seat alongside me on a flight- due to the inevitable flow of communication that would occur. On the flight from Malta to London I met my match when I was seated with a London Cabbie who was highly entertaining and had a lively interest in military history. He is also very involved in charities that support veterans. In May each year about 60 London Cabs go to Arnhem in The Netherlands conveying WWII veterans who were based there. The Dutch hosts make them very welcome and there are well attended parades as this convoy of cabs move through the city.
My fellow traveller on this annual expedition usually takes in his cab a Scots veteran of the Black Watch who is now in his early 90’s but is very alert and in reasonable health. It turns out that he is the person who identified Heinrich Himmler (head of the SS) at the end of the War. Himmler tried to merge with the thousands of displaced military. He was wearing low ranking uniform but the Scotsman, who was assigned to an intelligence unit, thought that Himmler’s spectacles were way too fashionable for a low ranking soldier. He was pulled out of the crowd of soldiers for further interrogation and Himmler subsequently admitted his identity but used his cyanide pill and suicided in front of this (now) veteran.
London


 
Regents Park
It is always great to land in London which in my view, is one of the best cities in the world. Christmas preparations are underway and the weather is mild for this time of the year. The mood is buoyant and the UK appears to be moving on from the GFC. Hyde Park and Regents Park are looking colourful as the last of the autumn leaves glow and fall making a thick matting that crunches under foot.
Hairdressers
Business names for hair dressing salons are often creative and amusing – eg Hair Apparent etc. Yesterday I saw ‘Jack the Clipper’!
Theatre
I saw a West End play, Neville’s Island, which is based in a jungle and deals with a team of four executives who are lost in a team building exercise. It was hilarious and the story line had lots of potential. Adrian Edmondson (Vivienne in The Young Ones) was outstanding.
 
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan is well known as an iconic songwriter and a very average singer. But I had not realised he was also an accomplished artist and I saw some of his work at a gallery in St Christopher’s Walk. He apparently has received a Pulitzer Prize to recognise his contribution over the last four decades. I think he is probably a much better artist than he is a singer!
Rennes

Gar, Greg and Paul at Orgeres
On Sunday I flew from London Southend direct to Rennes where I was met by Gar. It is always great to visit Brittany, Gar, Paul and Gregoire. Paul is in the last phase of High School and Gregoire is in junior high school. Gar and I did some walks around Orgeres and a nearby village as well as visiting Rennes which I had not really explored before.
They are at some very early stages for planning a possible trip to Australia in July 2016.

River near Orgeres
 
Regulations in France
Orgeres is a pretty village-one of many surrounding Rennes, the capital of Brittany. The area was originally settled by the Celts and the modern day villages are set up on the site of former old villages. There are often ruins of small communal ovens used centuries ago (probably for making those famous French baguettes!). These modern villages offer a close community in a rural setting but no more than 10km from a big centre- a bit like having a rural village at Strathfield. 
The various layers of government ensure that housing meets a whole range of regulations including permissible colours and pitch of roof! But the effect is very pleasing. All amenities are well thought through and I saw this contraption near a bus stop on the outskirts of the village.

 
 
Bicycle Locker
 
It is a lockable bicycle locker. You hang up your bicycle inside one of the doors and you leave a euro and take the key - making public transport that much more accessible.
Realising that the families who moved into Orgeres in the 1970’s and 1980’s are now at a stage where less children are using the schools, the planners are releasing more land for housing so that more younger families can move in and enjoy the facilities. Planning regulations have changed and now there is radical use of bright colours of colorbond in lieu of the cream coloured established housing.
 

 
 

Wednesday, November 5, 2014

Danube Austria & Germany

Austria

Vienna is a beautiful capital city with over 50% parkland. Many elegant public buildings and palaces are found near the city centre as befits the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The royal family (Hapsbergs) over 300 years added more wings to what is known as the winter palace in the centre of the city.

Royal Winter Palace Vienna

Vienna's cultural legacy is well known - especially through the contributions to music by, among others, members of the Strauss family. The locals enjoy opera and musical performance and the Opera House currently hosts a different opera every day. This is offered at very affordable prices so that everyone has the opportunity to develop their interest and love of classical music.

Statues of Johann Strauss abound and his iconic waltzes can often be heard on street corners.

The other cultural legacy of Vienna and Austria is several forms of food including schnitzel, strudel and sasha torte!

Austria has a population of about 8 million and Vienna has 1.8 million

Trucks are banned on all roads from early on Saturday afternoon until 10pm on Sunday (except for fresh food deliveries including milk and bread).


Terraced vineyards Wachau Valley Durnstein

Our next stop was UNESCO listed Durnstein – population 400. This little village is in the centre of the Wachau Valley which is home to the Austrian wine industry. The qualities of the soil and its surprisingly mild climate (a micro climate over a few kilometres of the Danube) have led to intense farming of grapes and apricots. 

Wine production is mainly of the chardonnay and riesling variety as red wine grapes do not do so well. Apricots are produced in enormous quantities and are used in everything from jams through to an apricot liqueur.


Benedictine monastery and school 1200's, Melk

In the 1200’s the previous royal family (Badenburgs) bequeathed a palace at Melk to the Benedictines who have used it ever since as a monastery, more latterly a high school and from time to time as a venue for major art festivals. Current co-ed enrolment is 900+ and about a dozen monks are in residence. We visited a museum in the monastery that included incredible vestments – some of which took years to make.


 Monk's eye view of corridor in Melk Monastery

The chapel was refurbished in the period after the 30 year war (Catholics v Protestants) at a time when the Catholic hierarchy believed it was necessary following their victory to demonstrate their strength and longevity with opulent architecture. Photographs do not really do justice to what we saw.


The Chapel at Melk

The Danube

The Danube commences in the Black Forest in Germany and is fed along the way by various tributaries as it passes through five countries and builds up momentum on its journey of 2,800 km to the Black Sea. It is always at least 70m wide and at some stages is 500m wide with occasional islands. It is very fast flowing and prone to flooding without much notice. There are dozens of locks built as flood mitigation devices and our ship had to negotiate these-as did the many commercial barges that also ply the river.


 The Danube

A flood last year was the second highest recorded – with only the 1587 high water mark exceeding it. Flood walls have been built to protect low lying villages but the majority of the riverbank is farmland and forest.

For centuries it has been critical to trade. However, sending craft upstream was problematic. It inevitably involved animals (and sometimes people) on riverbank tow paths being used to drag craft upstream. The River has also formed a natural defensive border or boundary to various kingdoms and territories.

Austrian Lake District


St Wolfgang Lake Austria

Further upstream at Linz we took a coach tour to the Austrian lakes. Absolutely stunning scenery with snow-capped alps and rolling green landscapes edging very deep glacial lakes. We even came across the village where the local church was used in The Sound of Music as the venue for the marriage of Julie Andrews (Maria) to Christopher Plummer (the Captain). There is an avenue of trees running to the lake which was used for the scene in the movie where the von Trapp family children were climbing after their blueberry excursion!



 Chapel at Lake Mondsee. Scene of the Sound of Music wedding
Germany

We entered Germany at the town of Passau which is on a peninsular where two significant rivers intersect with the Danube. This has been a major trading town since the middle ages and was where Hitler spent his first decade. As a six year old, Hitler fell into the fast flowing Danube but was rescued by a priest who was in the vicinity at the time. The guide made some wry remarks about how this act of charity/bravery had its downside! It is also noteworthy for the incredible number of churches (30+) in a relatively small area.


St Stephen's Cathedral Passau. Largest organ in the world (17,000+ pipes!)

Our final port on the cruise was at Vilshofen and we enjoyed a Bavarian folk dancing and mini beer festival that evening.

Bavaria is one of the southern states of Germany and is also one of its most prosperous with official unemployment at less than 3%. Its capital, Munich, is home to the world HQ of many famous companies – particularly BMW, Bosch, Linder and many national breweries.


BMW world headquarters

Officially approximately 80% of Germans are Catholics and this percentage is higher in Bavaria. However, as in most other western countries, religious attendance and participation is limited and declining.

Germans appear quite united in protecting the environment and we saw acres of solar panel farms which are the product of government subsidies over the last 20 years. They plan on reducing reliance on nuclear energy as they perceive a lack of capacity to deal with nuclear waste. They also wish to be energy self-reliant but the country is not endowed with the reserves and minerals that make this easy.


Royal Hunting Lodge Munich

Regensburg and Munich

Regensburg’s history goes back to pre-Roman times as it is located on a bend in the Danube that is easy to defend and the riverside farm land is very productive. It was an important trading port and local, mediaeval merchants flaunted their wealth by building Tuscan style villas – many of which are still standing. The salt trade necessitated building of large structures akin to silos to store product prior to sale and distribution.


Salt Silo Regensburg 1300's

Regensburg also had one of the largest hat stores that we had ever seen. Being a particularly cold day I acquired a very stylish hat and I suspect it will get considerable use. It has a tyrolean flavour with a narrow brim and could probably be worn with elan by individuals of any age.

Munich has a population of about a million which swells to 6 million during its famous annual Oktoberfest (beer festival) that runs for three weeks from late September. Again, lots of parkland and well laid out with a lot of post war reconstruction. It was also the beneficiary of some town planning by Napoleon who believed strongly in public buildings and galleries providing access for the wider population. 

Munich was the base for Hitler’s political influence in Germany and apparently he spent as little time as possible in Berlin preferring to be among trusted local cadres – which is understandable given he apparently survived over 30 attempts on his life. One was in the 30’s where a bomb went off at a tavern in Munich at which he was conducting a public rally. He had left earlier than planned and it exploded ten minutes later.



Bavarian countryside from the Neuschwanstein Castle

Bavaria was effectively a monarchy until the late 1800’s while forming part of Germany. We visited the Neuschwanstein Castle which was built in the 1870’s under the direction of Ludwig II who assumed the throne at the age of 18. Walt Disney had a German grandmother and on a visit to the castle he was inspired to use its style and form as a basis for his sets in The Sleeping Beauty and at all the Disney theme parks.



Neuschwanstein Castle

In 1730 a peasant in a remote rural area near the Bavarian Alps claimed that her wooden statue of Christ was weeping. Locals were intrigued and believed it to be a miracle. The Church agreed and soon a chapel was built to house the statue.



Initial Chapel built to house statue

It became a site for pilgrims and within 20 years a much larger basilica was built which has beautiful rococo styling – and this area is now known as The Church in the Meadow.




The replacement chapel built 20 years later



Stunning ceiling of the replacement church
Cars

BMW headquarters in Munich offers a very attractive option for would be purchasers. You order your car and options online; visit Munich to take delivery of your new BMW and use it to do some local travel; you then return it to BMW who ship it to your home address. As you are importing a used car (you used it) there is no import duty and as it is an international sale no German sales tax applies. Bottom line is that the car costs up to 50% less than what you would pay at home! Obviously, you need to travel to Munich at some stage of your journey but apparently this mechanism is very popular with BMW buyers.



Bavarian rural setting at sunset

The autobahn highway system is very impressive – no speed limits and good cars are probably two important factors. The other is the very rigorous German Driver Licence system which involves driving instructors in dual control cars for many hours; a very rigorous knowledge test and fees of about $A 3,000 in order to complete all the requisite steps. Minimum driving age is 18 and the road toll for a population of 80 million is very low in absolute and proportional terms.

Oberammergau

This little village at the foot of the Alps is famous for its woodcarving and stucco paintings. It s also renowned for its once per decade performance of the Passion Play. When the Bubonic plague was ravaging Europe the locals made a vow to perform the play every ten years if their village was spared. It was and since 1634 the inhabitants have kept their promise. One of the 'rules' is that only locals can take part in the performance. It has become a major international event and a 5,000 person theatre with retractable roof has been built. It remains unused for most of the year and its major purpose is for the once a decade performance.